A groundskeeper mows grass on the University of Arizona Mall at the USS Arizona Memorial on April 17, 2020.

 Josh Galemore / Arizona Daily Star

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The University of Arizona, one of Southern Arizona's two largest employers and responsible for more than $4 billion in economic impact, is implementing furloughs and pay cuts for nearly all of its employees that are set to last through June 2021.

The unprecedented steps, made as the UA braces for "extreme" economic fallout from the coronavirus pandemic, go into effect on May 11 and require employees making $150,001 or more to take at least a 17% pay cut, while those making less to take unpaid work days resulting in at least a 5% salary reduction.

Those cost-saving efforts come as the UA has already seen $66 million in losses — and is projected to lose as much as $250 million — as a result of the coronavirus, according to UA president Robert C. Robbins, who told the Arizona Daily Star on Friday that the furloughs will be reviewed each month to ensure they're hitting their savings goals.

“This is incredibly, incredibly difficult and painful to do. I have great empathy for everyone. At the same time, we’re not firing anybody. We’re just asking people to take reduction in time at work," Robbins said. "My hope is it doesn’t last the year. We’re fully expecting our students to come back on campus. If we have to go to all digital, remote learning like we are now, the number will be dramatically higher because the tuition that we would offer would probably reduced."

Robbins said the salary furloughs are expected to save the UA between $90 and $95 million. An additional $50-60 million is expected to come from their already imposed hiring freeze, halting $7 million in three building projects, withholding $22 million investment in the strategic plan, delaying merit increases, and a 20% reduction in executive leadership pay that went into effect in March.

Robbins told the Star those losses are expected to come from decreases in tuition, which makes up 30% of their annual revenue. He said domestic and international students make up about 60% of that, which could pose issues as international students might have trouble getting to Tucson as a result of world-wide travel restrictions, while many out-of-state students may opt to stay closer to home. They're projecting a 25% decrease in out-of-state tuition.

The $250 million number accounts for those expected decreases, as well as decreases in other revenue generators like parking and residence halls, as well as infrastructure costs to account for moving to digital and reimbursement to some on-campus residents who had to leave early when the university moved to remote learning.

It also accounts for some money from the federal CARES act to help offset those losses, of which Robbins said they've already received $30 million, $15 million of which went straight to students.

Asked if this precludes the university from layoffs down the line, Robbins said they remain "possible going forward."

"If this is as bad as we're projecting it to be, we still got $100 million we've got to make up from somewhere," he said, adding that the losses could reach as high as $500 million should the students not be able to return to campus.

Arizona Board of Regents policy states that any of its presidents that wish to implement furloughs are required to receive approval from the board chair and executive director. The university said it received approval from both board Chairman Larry Penley and Executive Director John Arnold earlier Friday.

In a prepared statement, Penley said the approval was done with a "heavy heart."

“COVID-19 is impacting Arizonans in so many ways, and universities can’t easily escape the economic impact of the virus," he said. "The board sincerely appreciates the dedication and commitment of all University of Arizona employees who will endure the financial hardship of the furlough and pay cuts. … Universities are drivers of the economy, and I know that Pima County and Tucson will sadly suffer alongside the UA family. I have confidence in President Robbins, and I trust the Wildcat spirit will prevail and, in some measure, help guide us through these unprecedented challenges.”

University of Arizona President Robert Robbins in 2018.

The furloughs were announced to faculty and staff in an email from Robbins Friday morning.

Employees making at least $200,000 have to take a 20% pay-cut, while those making between $150,001 and $199,999 have to take a 17% pay-cut.

Those making between $75,001 and $150,000 will be required to take 39 furlough days, or 1.5 days per pay period, equivalent to a 15% salary cut; those making between $44,500 and $75,000 are required to take 26 furlough days, or one day per period, equivalent to a 10% cut; and those making $44,449 and under must take 13 furlough days, or a half-day per pay period, equivalent to a 5% cut.

Some employees are not required to participate in the furloughs and pay reductions, including grant-funded positions in order to keep continuing research, which is one of three main revenue sources for the UA, and student workers and grad assistants, according to Robbins. The furloughs and cuts will also be adjusted for employees whose roles are less than one full-time equivalent and contracts are less than one year.

"The task ahead is not easy, and it depends largely on the resolution of our public health crisis. Along with our entire leadership team, I am grateful for the tremendous sacrifices you already have made, especially as more will be required of all of us at the University," Robbins wrote in the letter, which was obtained by the Arizona Daily Star, and noted the decreases in projected revenue.

"While significant, those savings are not enough, and an appropriate furlough (unpaid time away from work) and pay reduction program is required," he wrote. "With this plan, employees will retain their employment and health care benefits. We all will share in this as a team and we all will sacrifice as a team, but in a manner that respects your work, your contributions and your compensation and benefits, to the highest extent possible."

The university had more than 15,000 employees in fiscal year 2017, with wages and other compensation totaling just under $1.2 billion, according to a study commissioned by the Arizona Board of Regents and issued last year.

The UA's most-recent salary database, which provides information for all employees from fiscal year and was obtained by the Star earlier this year through an open-records request, shows 1,150 employees made at least $150,001, 3,400 employees made between $75,000 and $150,000, and 14,604 students made under that in fiscal year 2019.

A lone bicycle outside the Harvill Building on the campus of the University of Arizona, on April 17, 2020.

The study also showed the university's economic impact for that fiscal year topped $4.1 billion.

Robbins acknowledged the impact the furloughs will have on the local economy.

"Everybody is being hit. I understand how big a deal this is to individual people and families and how much they’re hurting," he said. "But at the same time, if we did nothing we would run out of the money. The university would go bankrupt. We couldn’t continue to run the university.”

He also acknowledged what effect that could have on students, if their professors are unable to work at least one day each week.

“It’s really going to be tough for everybody. Deans, department heads and managers are going to figure out how to get the work done," said Robbins, who added they might have less students to teach. “The consequences of managing this are complex and that’s why we didn’t go into this decision lightly.”

Robbins said that the UA has previously done furloughs, but nothing ever on this magnitude. They instituted furloughs to save about $5 million during the 2008 economic recession, and actually had instituted 1.5% budget reductions and 3% reductions in administrative costs at the start of this year totaling $30 million.

"This is 8-10 times that. … This is orders of magnitude greater," he said.

Robbins said that all projections were made with the understanding that students would be on campus in the fall, but that they will make that decision "based on science," taking things into consideration like promised widespread antibody testing, a potential vaccine, and unforeseen second wave of cases.

“I very much wish we weren’t having this conversation but I think we’ll get through all this," he said.

Robbins' decision comes days after Dave Heeke, UA's athletic director, wrote an open letter to fans and boosters that he's anticipating a $7.5 million revenue loss this fiscal years, which ends on June 30, as a result of Pac-12 and NCAA revenue losses, a lack of ticket sales and what he called "a decline in other revenue projections."

The $7.5 million represents 7.3% of Arizona's last reported revenues of $102.3 million.

Heeke wrote that he's been working with others in the department to forecast next year's financial picture, and that the department "must have a plan" for reduced spending in a number of areas, including future contracts.

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Contact reporter Justin Sayers atjsayers1@tucson.comor 573-4192. Twitter: @_JustinSayers. Facebook: JustinSSayers.